This is a contract between two legally independent parties (Franchisor and Franchisee) located in different countries. In this agreement the Franchisor grants to the Franchisee the exclusive power to distribute its products or services in establishments that are equivalently equipped and furnished, as well as the right to use Intellectual Property Rights (commercial signs, brands, trademarks, etc.). It also provides the Know-How (Franchise Handbook), and the technical and commercial support for distribution to be carried out correctly. The Franchisee follows the instructions stated by the Franchisor in regard to the appearance, commercialization, and corporate image on the authorized premises. For the services provided, the Franchisee pays the Franchisor a series of different fees (sales fee, Front-end fee, advertising fee, etc.).
The contract is intended for franchises that distribute products (foodstuff, cosmetics, decorations, textiles, etc.) but with a few slight modifications, it may also be used for franchises that provide services (real estate, consultancies, financial services, the internet, cleaning services, catering, etc.).
Parties clauses
- Object of the contract
- Independence of the Parties
- Authorized establishment
- Territorial exclusivity
- Duration and renewal of contract
- Commencement of activity
- Adaptation and furnishing of authorized establishment
- License to Industrial Property Rights
- Franchise fees
- Franchise Handbook
- Assistance and training
- Provision of products
- Start-up stock
- Inventory and supervision rights
- Insurance
- Advertising
- Confidentiality
- Non-competition
- Transferal of contract
- Termination of contract
- Post-contractual obligations
- Force Majeure
- Notification
- Applicable law and competent jurisdiction
- Language
Sample of content
DATE: ………………..
BETWEEN:
…………………………… [company legal name] whose registered office is at ……………………………….
[address, city, and country] and registration/fiscal number is …………………………, represented by
…………………………………………………………… [name and surname, position] (hereinafter referred
to as the “Franchisor”),
AND:
Alternative A [When the Franchisee is an individual]
Mr./Ms. …………….., of legal age, ………………………..[include professional qualification], Tax
Identification Number………….., registered address …………… , acting on his/her own behalf
(hereafter, the “Franchisee”).
Alternative B [When de Franchisee is a company]
…………………………… [company legal name] whose registered office is at …………………………….
[address, city, and country] and registration/fiscal number is …………………………, represented by
…………………………………………………………… [name and surname, position] (hereinafter referred
to as “the Franchisee”).
Both parties undertake to observe the following agreement:
RECITALS
- That the Franchisor is a company which …………………………………. [Describe the economic
activity of the company and specify the nature of the products which it supplies].
- That the Franchisor has developed, as the Franchisee acknowledges:
(a) A specific design for its establishments;
(b) A management process for its establishments; and
(c) Guidelines for customer attention,
which together make up the know-how acquired by the Franchisee by means of the
investment of financial and human resources, in addition to his/her experience in
managing the business to which the present Contract refers. All of this will be referred
to in the present Contract as the Franchisor’s “Know-How”.
III. That the Franchisor’s know-how is of a secret, substantial, and identifiable nature. The
“secret” nature is derived from the fact that the Franchisor’s Know-How, in its totality
and as the aggregate of its component parts, is not common knowledge, nor is it
readily available. The “substantial” nature is derived from the fact that the Franchisor
Know-How includes important information as to the correct management of the
business to which the franchise applies. The “identifiable” nature is derived from the
the fact that the Franchisor’s Know-How is described in sufficient detail in the preliminary
training programs and in the Franchise Handbook which the Franchisee shall receive on
signing the present Contract.
- That the activity of the Franchisor is carried out under the auspices of Industrial Property
Deeds (trademarks, brands, patents) or Intellectual Property Deeds (rights of authorship,
software), acting as the owner, as described in Annex 1 of the present Contract.
- That the Franchisee acknowledges his/her enhanced competitive position in the market
which arises from acquiring the Franchisor’s Know-How, as well as the management of
the business under the corporate image of the Franchisor, including Industrial and
Intellectual Property Deeds as laid out in Section IV above.
- That the Franchisee acknowledges that the preliminary market and viability studies that
(s)he has carried out, together with the Franchisor, has been calculated upon prudent
economic estimates, which the Franchisee must not regard as any sort of undertaking
or commitment to profitability on the part of the Franchisor. The Franchisee
acknowledges that the economic results which arise from the present Contract shall be
largely due to his/her own ability to manage the business, customer service, as well as
other external factors such as competitor initiatives or changes in consumer tastes; such
outcomes are mentioned solely as examples and not as a defining list. The Franchisee
acknowledges that, prior to signing this contract, (s)he enjoyed the right to receive
from whichever professionals (s)he sees fit, independent legal and financial advice.
VII. That the Franchisee acknowledges the terms and conditions of the present Contract as
reasonable and necessary for maintaining high levels of quality and customer service
with which the network of ……….. [name of Franchisor] establishments is to be identified
and recognized in the market, to the benefit of the Franchisor and all Franchisees
belonging to the ………….. [name of Franchisor] network.
Some Tips
DATE
The date when the contract comes into force is the one that appears in its header, as mentioned
in the final paragraphs of the contract, before signatures (This Contract comes into force on the
the date is written above).
In some contracts -for example in the Supply Contract- the date of coming into force is also
mentioned in one of the clauses. In these cases, you have to verify that the two dates inserted in
the contract (in the heading and in the corresponding clause) are the same, in order to avoid
discrepancies.
PARTIES
Be sure to insert on the first page of the contract the full details of the Parties:
When a Party is a company you must insert the following information: legal name, legal form
(limited, incorporated, etc.), full address, registration data, and fiscal identification number.
When a Party is an individual that works as an independent professional (for example a
commercial agent) you must insert the following information: full name, profession, full
address and fiscal identification number.
CLAUSES
Clauses with different alternatives: choose the most favorable
In the most important clauses of each contract (exclusivity, payment terms, applicable law and
competent jurisdiction, etc.) several drafting alternatives are proposed so you can choose the
most appropriate to each situation. Therefore, the user before submitting the contract to the
other Party must choose the alternatives that seem best suited to their interests and eliminate
the rest.
Clauses with blank spaces to be completed
In several clauses of the contract blank spaces appear with dots (…………………..) that the user
has to complete inserting text. Following the dots, between brackets, you will see the data and
explanations to insert the text.
When the text between brackets is in normal letters (the same as the contract) and
separated by “,” or the word “o”, the user must insert one of the options suggested.
Example of blank space (……..) with options to select between brackets:
Orders handled before completion of the present Contract which produces sales transactions
within ………. [1, 2, 3, 6] months shall entitle the Agent to receive the corresponding commission.
In this case, the user must choose between options 1, 2, 3, or 6 months and insert one in the blank
space (……..).
When the text between brackets is in italics the user has to insert the data and information
requested and eliminate the bracketed text.
Example of blank space – (………) to insert text:
Both parties, by mutual consent, resolve to refer any dispute to the Rules of Conciliation and
Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce by one or more arbitrators appointed in
accordance with said Rules. The place of arbitration shall be ……….. [city and country]. In this
case the user must insert in the blank space (………..) the city and country have chosen to conduct the
arbitration and afterward eliminate the bracketed text [city and country].
Notices Clause
Sometimes it may happen that the official address of the Parties which appear at the beginning
of the contract is different from what is to be used for communications between the Parties
during the terms of the contract. In this case, the user should include at the end of the contract
a Notices Clause.
Example of Notices Clause:
Notices. – In order to comply with their contractual obligations, the Parties establish the
following address for the provision of notices related to this contract:
– Party 1 ……………………………………………………. [insert full address].
– Party 2 ……………………………………………………. [insert full address].
ANNEXES
The contracts incorporate some Annexes, each of them, referenced to the corresponding Clause.
Annexes are drafted in commonly used formats, although the user must adapt these formats
and the text inserted in them to each particular situation.
SIGNATURES
People who sign
Persons signing the contract on behalf of the company must have the authority to do so and
preferably, be entitled on the basis of a power of attorney. Below the signature, in addition to
the full name of the person that signs his/her position must be inserted. When one of the Parties
who signs is a natural person (for example a commercial agent in a Agency Contract) obviously
he or she is the person that has to sign the contract.
The laws of some countries require that contracts, to be valid, shall be signed in front of
witnesses or a public notary. Therefore, before signing a contract you should be informed about
the requirements that may exist in each country.
Place and date of signature
Usually, contracts are signed by both Parties on the same date and place. Nevertheless, in
international contracts, due to physical distance, it is common that each of the Parties sign in
different dates and places. This contract provides for both alternatives so it comes to choosing
the most appropriate to each situation.
Number of copies
Usually, the Parties sign two copies of the contract, each Party retaining one of them, but cal
also arise the need to sign more copies. In this case, all you have to do is mention explicitly the
number of copies to be signed in the paragraph that is included at the end of the contract (Both
Parties declare their conformity to the present contract, which is signed in …… copies, each of
which shall be considered an original).
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
The Parties must sign all pages of the contract, including Annexes, so they are also valid. It is
better to use ballpoint or pen (not pencil) in a color other than black (e.g.: blue); this makes it
easier to distinguish an original document from a photocopy.
It is preferable (although not mandatory) to express sums of money and percentages in words
and figures. Of course, the words and figures for a given amount must match exactly. You also
must insert the currency in which the amounts are expressed. It is advisable to use the rules
established by ISO that name each currency in three capital letters (EUR for euro, USD for dollar,
GBP for sterling pound, JPY for Japanese yen, etc. – you can get the acronyms of every currency
on the website www.oanda.com).
Once you have chosen the best alternatives of each clause and have completed the blank spaces
you should revise the whole contract to remove remaining paragraphs and correct any errors.